A manager in charge of selling a particular product interprets any ambiguous customer feedback about the product as being positive. What type of bias does this represent?

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Interpreting ambiguous feedback as positive shows interpretation bias — a tendency to derive meaning from information in a way that supports a desired outcome rather than evaluating it neutrally. When feedback is unclear, a person with this bias reads it in a favorable light, effectively shaping the meaning to fit what they want to believe about the product. This differs from anchoring, which is sticking to an initial piece of data; from rumination, which involves repetitive, often negative thinking; and from confirmation bias, which focuses on seeking or weighting information that confirms preconceptions. Here the key idea is how the information is understood and assigned meaning, not just what evidence is sought, making interpretation bias the best fit.